A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who diagnoses mental health conditions and can prescribe medication. A clinical psychologist assesses problems and provides evidence-based talking therapies such as CBT. A counsellor offers supportive talking therapy for life difficulties. A coach helps with goals and routines but does not treat mental illness. Many people benefit from more than one.
Comparison
| Psychiatrist | Clinical psychologist | Counsellor | Coach | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training | Medical degree plus psychiatry specialisation | Psychology degrees plus clinical training | Counselling training | Varies |
| Diagnoses conditions | Yes | Assesses and formulates; may diagnose depending on country | Usually no | No |
| Prescribes medication | Yes (where permitted) | No | No | No |
| Talking therapy | Sometimes | Yes, structured therapies | Yes, supportive | Goal-focused conversations |
| Best for | Moderate to severe symptoms, complex cases, medication questions | Anxiety, depression, trauma, OCD and more | Stress, grief, relationships, adjustment | Motivation, routines, goals |
Where should you start?
- Severe symptoms, thoughts of self-harm, very low functioning, or unusual experiences such as hearing voices: a psychiatrist, urgently if needed.
- Persistent anxiety, low mood, panic, trauma or OCD: a clinical psychologist for therapy, possibly with a psychiatrist.
- Stress, grief, relationship or life difficulties: a counsellor or psychologist.
- Feeling stuck, unmotivated or disorganised, but coping: structured classes or coaching. See life reset and routine coaching.
Working together
Many people see a psychiatrist for assessment and medication review and a psychologist for weekly therapy. Good care is coordinated.
Not sure?
A free introductory call with our wellbeing coordinator can help you decide where to start. See wellbeing support.
Frequently asked questions
Can a psychologist prescribe medication?
In most countries, including Pakistan, psychologists do not prescribe. Psychiatrists and other doctors do.
Is counselling less effective than therapy with a psychologist?
For many everyday difficulties, counselling helps a lot. More complex conditions may need specialised therapy.
Do I need a referral?
Not usually for private online services. Your specialist may suggest referrals if needed.
